Cimon, the son of Miltiades, was a leading figure in Athenian affairs, particularly through his contribution to the development of Athenian democracy and imperialism, between the years of 478 to 461. Cimon made a direct contribution to the development and growth of Athenian democracy, however only indirectly and inadvertently, primarily demonstrated by this ostracism in 461, as a result of his foreign policy. Cimon's contribution and influence to Athenian imperialism was direct and intentional, due in large part to his military successes against the common threat, Persia. In any case, Cimon's contribution to Athenian democracy and imperialism was absolute: his role crucial to the development of both.

             Cimon originated from a wealthy aristocratic background; with the particular advantage of being the son of the "Hero of Marathon". Cimon's representation varies, although the influence of Cimon in the history of the period between 478 to 461 is likely to have been very great. He was, in this period, "by far the most important and influential figure in Athens " (De Ste. Croix). Thucydides acknowledges Cimon as a person with a great influence over events. We could therefore conclude from this that Cimon was indeed a highly influential figure. While Cimon's characteristics such as simplicity, geniality and lavish hospitality rendered him popular; it was his military successes that confirmed his influence.

             His prestige, popularity and ability as a military commander are reflected in the fact that he was elected to the strategia on not less than ten occasions in the period between 478 to 461, and also obtained the top position of strategos on numerous occasions, too. While it was Cimon that commanded in all or nearly all of the operations of the Delian League, such as Naxos and Thasos; his greatest military achievement was the victory at Eurymedon, on the coast of Asia Minor (469), where Cimon led the Athenians (and allies from the Delian League) to the victory of the Persians, and made the Persians no longer a threat.