The development of human societies gave birth to civilization. The first established human society are hunting and gathering societies, which were primarily engaged in survival activities such as hunting games and gathering vegetation. This form of society, as the first form of civilization, was also characterized as egalitarian and nomadic. It was nomadic in the sense that most humans move from one area to another in order to forage for food and hunt for animals that serve as their food; it was egalitarian because there was no known forms of social class or stratification among members of this hunting-gathering societies. Each member of the society contributes to their survival, thus each member was treated equally. The transition from hunting-gathering to a pastoral and horticultural society changed the characteristic of human societies to being sedentary. A pastoral society was primarily centered on raising animals for food and industry, while a horticultural one was focused on cultivating vegetation. These forms of societies (pastoral and horticultural) paved the way for the establishment of an agricultural society, wherein a new social class, hence a despotic society, was established. This is because food supply and industry became well-developed, thereby necessitating social roles and functions for each member of the society, in order to control the increasing food supply and population brought about by a sedentary life and abundant means of survival. Thus, with the development of social classes, despotic societies were established, wherein majority of the member of the society were ruled by an individual in the society"s attempt to create order and peace within a complex civilization. .

             Part 2 .

             The two major innovations in the West between the periods 3,000 BCE and 500 AD are the wheel and language (written and oral), giving birth to transportation and communication.