Renaissance is a "rebirth", a French word, that first occurred in the Italian city of Florence. It came from those who thought of the Middle Ages as a dark time from which the human spirit had to be awakened. Its origin of this revolutionary view of history can be traced back to the 1330s in the writing of Francesco Petrarca, an early Renaissance humanist who lived in Florence and became the "father of humanism". Francesco Petrarca thought of this new era mainly as a revival of the classical forms developed by the ancient Greek and Latin. Art in the Renaissance, unlike the Middle Ages, showed emotions, feelings, and bright colors. Throughout the Early Renaissance period, there were three most important men who initiated the Renaissance. Donattello who reestablish the attitude toward the human body similar to that of classical antiquity and recapture the classical contrapposto in his work. Fillppo Brunelleschi, the master of architecture of this period, invented the scientific perspective; and Masaccio who established the Early Renaissance painting showed the human body in motion in his painting.

             Then, in the early 16th century in Europe marked a new phase of Renaissance when it reached its most glorious expression in its paintings, sculpture, and architecture known as "High Renaissance". The Key monuments of the High Renaissance were produced between c.1495-1520. The different between the Early Renaissance and the High Renaissance is the Early Renaissance artists were limited by numerical ratios of musical harmony and the laws of linear perspective, but the High Renaissance artists were less concerned with rational order than with visual effectiveness. The artists of the High Renaissance, such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael, achieved the perfection and harmony in their works. Artists in this period evolved a new drama and a new rhetoric to engage the emotions of their beholders.