Adult learning is at the forefront of many educational institutions as many adults are returning to school (Patterson & Pegg 1999). The purpose of this discussion is to compare and contrast the learning process through developmental and learning models. The research will examine Knowle's Andragogy Model, Cross's CAL Model, McClusky's Theory of Margin, Knox's Proficiency Theory and the Jarvis Learning Process. .

             Knowle's Andragogy Model.

             According to Burns (2002) the term andragogy refers to the science of instructing adults. The author asserts that .

             "The term was originally formulated by a German, Kapp, in 1833 to describe elements of Plato's education method. Andragogy, coined from two Greek words, means 'man leading', whereas pedagogy means 'child leading'. Andragogy continued to be used in Europe but only came into vogue in the USA when Tough (1968), Houle (1980) and Knowles (1978), influenced by the writings of John Dewey, promoted it (Burns 2002, pg.229).".

             Leonard (2002) goes on to explain that the learning theory of andragogy, is based on six assumptions: the need to know, self concept, life experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning and motivation to learn (Leonard 2002; Tight 2002). The author asserts that the need to know amongst adult learners mandates that instructors supply a rationale for the curriculum (Leonard 2002). The author asserts that adult learners "need to know" why they need to learn something new to be motivated (Leonard 2002). The idea of self concept asserts that adult learners already have an established identity (Leonard 2002; Fraser & Stupak 2002). As such adult learners usually dislike being told what to do. .

             Life experience is also a factor because adults have life experiences that include quantitative and qualitative perspectives (Leonard 2002). As such adults have embraced role that children have yet to embrace and these experiences are with them as they learn.