This action was immediately responsible for removing and imprisoning 120,000 persons of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast. Ironically, the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, predominantly made up of second-generation Japanese Americans and led by a Korean American, Colonel Young Oak Kim, becomes the most decorated military unit for its size and length of service in U.S. history. (Jones, et.al., Chapter 23, 2005).

             In flagrant defiance of the idea that somehow Japanese loyalty was more suspect than the loyalty of Americans of other national or racial heritages, in February of 1942 eighteen Caucasians were charged with spying for Japan.   Ten were convicted.   But no person of Japanese ancestry was ever charged with espionageâ€"yet the internment continued. In fact, the Supreme Court, the supposed protector of all American rights and liberties validated the specific restrictions placed upon Japanese Americans much as its antebellum Supreme Court "Dred Scott" decision validated the enslavement of African Americans in bondage. In June 1943, "Hirabayashi v. U.S." declared the curfew law imposed upon persons of Japanese ancestry constitutional. On December 18, 1944 "Korematsu v. U.S." ruled that the Japanese American evacuation order (Executive Order 9066) was constitutional. Only in December 17, 1944 was the exclusion order against Japanese Americans revoked. This executive order was not made legally effective until January 2, 1945. (Jones, et.al., Chapter 23, 2005).

             By 1946, all American internment camps incarcerating Japanese persons were closed, the last of which was Tule Lake in San Francisco.  America soon realized, or began to realize the error' of its ways after V-J, or "Victory Japan" day. In 1948 California repealed its laws banning interracial marriage, including those between Asian and Caucasian persons and the Evacuation Claims Act authorized the payment of settlements to people of Japanese ancestry who suffered economic losses from internment.