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The International Political Economy 1505
On September 10, 2001, Presidents George W. Bush and Vincente Fox were involved in an international negotiation aimed at reaching a fairer, more beneficial immigration policy for their two neighboring nations. The need for a guest worker program in the United States to accommodate workers looking for positions from Mexico, where the job market had become sparse, was being discussed as well as economic options to encourage job growth in Mexico itself, such as the expansion of international companies to include Mexican plants and locations (Business Week 2001). The negotiations, in fact, were focused significantly on treating immigration as an economic issue and not a political one; although observers stills saw the influence of politics on the discussions, for all major intents, economic growth and stability were the aim of both administrations. The Bush-Fox immigration deal never progressed farther than those talks, however, because U.S. foreign policy would be significantly chang
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1297
Debate regarding the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the international agreement among states to desist from developing nuclear weapons, is at a all-time high today, with disputes regarding the nuclear programs in North Korea and Iran at the forefront of international relations. The motivations of states to either sign or decline the NPT as well as whether or not they abide by it can be viewed through the lens of each of three major perspectives in political theory: neorealism, neoliberal institutionalism, and constructivism. This paper will examine the theoretical grounds of each of these political philosophies as well as how each would evaluate the Non-Proliferation Treaty and its effects. The tradition of neorealism has a deep-rooted historical basis in the political philosophy of realism, the concept of nature described by Thomas Hobbes as that of constant war between men in order to survive. Niccolo Machiavelli contributed to this concept by justifying all actions taken to
The Transition To The Role of Professional Nurse 1224
Part I - My most recent employment included working as a Rehabilitation vocational nurse in an in-patient Rehabilitation hospital. Typically I cared for 6-8 patients at a time, providing total care for each. I am IV certified with much experience in the field, particularly within pediatrics. I have worked with professional nurses, physical and occupational therapists, social workers, dietitians, physicians and more as part of a collaborative and comprehensive health care team. Issues and Concerns Surrounding Transition For Practical/Vocational Nurse A licensed practical or vocational nurse (LPN or LVN) is often the first step in one's career toward becoming a certified professional nurse. The role of a vocational nurse differs significantly from the role of a professional nurse. Most nurses trained at this level have one year of study experience at a vocational or community college. A vocational nurse is used to working under the supervision of a licensed RN or professional nurs
The Concept of Literature and Fiction 420
This is a paper in which an alien tries to explain literature.
The Clinical Decision-making and Nursing Process 1289
Define clinical decision-making and briefly describe the nursing process. Internal and external variables such as the nurse's personal experience, knowledge, creative thinking ability, education, self concept, as meshed with the nurses' working environment, and situational stressors all can work to enhance or inhibit effective clinical decision making for a nurse. (O'Reilly, 1993) Clinical decision-making is defined as the ability to sift and synthesize information, make decisions, and appropriately implement those decisions within a clinical setting. Practicing nurses must effectively identify and solve the problems of patient diagnosis and treatment by using such a model. One means of doing so, paradoxically, is to identify the barriers to decision making so they can be overcome by the use of more effective decision-making tools. The nursing process itself involves the need for quality decision-making at every sage of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluat
The Compititive Of Data Base Management 1247
(Szatala, 2000) Information Management continued to be among one of the fastest growing aspects in Medicare and other facets in the business world. The article delves into the new found necessities that are incumbent in information management. There are integrated systems that have different modules for financial aspects, marketing, clinical, etc., however that all share the same common data elements. The article goes further to advice what makes this system effective. This method makes it where no one has to take the time to enter data repeatedly, the data is collected up front and are distributed to other modules simultaneously. This in essence will save staff time and remove instances of possible errors. However even with positives there are negatives, Szatala (2000) does a wonderful job in this article describing the positive in the database. (Schultz, 1999) reports that there should be concern regarding financial aspects of the database. The government's chief watchdog for
A Raisin In The Sun: Opened Doors To Black Writers 719
Lorraine Hansberry's play "A Raisin in the Sun" was the first play produced on Broadway written by an African-American woman. According to Barbara Tepa Lupac "its commercial success opened the stage doors to other Black writers." (Lupac, 2002, p.1) For that reason alone, the 1959 play would have been a landmark achievement for the author. But the seismic impact of Hansberry's play was not simply the race or the gender of its author, but also in the way African-Americans were portrayed in terms of the scope and nature of their personal and familial aspirations. In "A Raisin in the Sun," the sister of the family, Beneatha Younger aspires to become a doctor. Benethea is not simply a symbol, but a woman who wrestles with her desire to fix the world and also to find herself. Beneatha's brother Walter loves his son and his wife, but rages against the confines of the narrow walls of the apartment where all the Youngers must dwell. Beneatha and Walter seek to move forward professionally in their lives, as a student doctor and a store owner, in an America filled
Why Not Support Mercy Killing? 884
Euthanasia or mercy killing is something that I would never support. My staunch opposition to euthanasia is based not on religious views or values or on the simple belief that human life is too precious to be allowed to wither away or die till its time has come. I also firmly believe that when we allow someone to resort to mercy killing, we are neglecting such important values as dignity of human life, struggle, winning, overcoming adversity- some values that we all grew up with. All our lives we have been taught to adhere to these values so that when circumstances are tough and there appears to be no way out, we would still hold on to these precious lessons and not give up till we succeed. Euthanasia seems to violate all the values of hope courage and dignity of human life. It stands is stiff competition with them as if trying to challenge them. We have come to believe that when a person is in pain and there appears to be no cure, he/she should be allowed to die. This is an extremely
The Scene from Psyco 334
One of the most shocking and unforgettable scenes from Alfred Hitchcock's masterpiece of suspense Psycho is that in which Marion Crane, played by actress Janet Leigh, decides to take a shower after her unnerving conversation with Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins) in the parlor of the Bates Motel. This scene is definitely a horror movie in itself, for after its premier, Psycho affected the audience so much that many were terrified to take a shower after seeing what happens to Ms. Crane in her motel
The Idea of A Utopia 3688
The idea of a utopia has long been embraced by philosophical thinkers. The roots of the concept date back to Plato's Republic and St. Augustine's City of God. However, it was Sir Thomas More who truly defined the term and established the genre in his 1516 work entitled Utopia. More's work is pivotal in the 20th century understanding of utopia. More described an ideal state, but his writing was loaded with satire against the current cultural and political conditions. It is this interpretation of a utopia work that 20th century writers manipulated into dystopia texts. The three most famous of these works are Yevgeny Zamyatin's We, Aldous Huxley's Brave New World (1932), and George Orwell's 1984 (1949). These novels all play with the Greek translation of the word, utopia, which can mean "no place" or something that is impossible to establish. It is this concept that these three 20th century writers all recognized. In the three novels, the authors depict societies in which an a
The Man's Ability To Remove Himself 753
In its modern, English use, the Latin word gravitas usually denotes a general kind of seriousness, often derived from an individual's seniority. This is somewhat reflective of the original, Latin use of the word, where, for example, a senator's gravitas might be praised in the Roman senate. Gravitas meant the man's ability to remove himself from the common will of the mob, to show a piety for the gods and the state that elevated his actions and words above mere self self-interest, and his willingness to use his experience and wisdom for the good of the Republic to come to a seasoned judgment about a pressing issue. Thus, in Rome, the denoted meaning of gravitas had an additional patriotic component, given how closely it was woven into the fabric of what was said to constitute good and wise governance of the state. One 1877 classicist summed gravitas and the morals of the Republic like so: "The people entrusted their powers to the Senate, satisfied that it acted for the best; and during this period eloquence was matured. That special quality, so well named by the Romans gravitas, which at [democratically gov
The Teen Pregnancy 1250
Teen pregnancy wasn't always a problem. Even a hundred years ago, men and women married and started their families young: life expectancy was far shorter than it is today; school wasn't nearly as important or widely available; and young families conformed to the established social norm. However, today in the developed world, teen pregnancy is a problem that causes a wide range of social and economic problems. The United States leads the developed world in teen pregnancies, with over twice as many per year as Great Britain or Canada, four times as many as France, and ten times as many as Japan or the Netherlands (Popenoe). As many as 34% of all teenage girls become pregnant at least once before they are 20 years old, resulting in an astounding rate of 820,000 pregnancies a year. Nearly all of those pregnancies are out of wedlock and unwanted and so about half of those pregnancies result in abortion. Poverty and race are correlated with teen pregnancy, too, as teen mothers are more likel
Equality Analysis 1131
Google "equality" and more than 129 million Web sites appear, including racial equality, international equality, gender equality, gay equality, marriage equality, same-sex marriage equality, religious equality, human rights equality, and social equality, to name but a few. The dictionary defines equality as "the state of quality of being equal; in mathematics, that one thing equals another; sameness or equivalence in number, quantity, or measure; likeness or sameness in quality, power, status, or degree; state of being equally balanced" (Equality). According to the Dictionary of Social Sciences, the concept of human equality if one of the hallmarks of the Enlightenment "social thought and the focus of a long tradition of debate and struggle over competing visions of government and social justice" (Calhoun 2002). The concept of equality is central to Western society and reflects the secularization of the Christian notion of "equality before God - as well as a challenge to the Chris
Constitutional Underpinnings of Federalism 1254
Federalism is ""the distribution of power in an organization (as a government) between a central authority and the constituent units" (Webster's New American Dictionary, p. 190). Within Federalism as a government system, a group (i.e., of people, states, or provinces) is characteristically bound together, and governed by a head with centralized authority. Such an authority may be, for example, a king; a president; a pope or other church or religious leader; a prime minister, or another kind of leader with similar, centralized, authority. Federalism consists of a stronger federal (i.e., governed by centralized authority) government, along with weaker provincial or state governments, whose authority is more localized and does not extend beyond a given, designated locality. Proponents of such a form of government are called Federalists. I will discuss ways that the concept and practice of Federalism within the United States arguably affects the practice of American democracy.
Employment With Disabilities Declined 1588
According to statistics based on studies by the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center for Economic Research on Employment for Persons with Disabilities, the employment rates of men with disabilities fell by 23 percent, and for women with disabilities by 5 percent between 1992 and 2000 (Winter 2004). Since the effective date of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the number of persons with disabilities who are employed or actively seeking work has declined (Harris 1995). Only 30.2 percent of men with a disability were employed or actively looking for work in 1994, down from 34 percent in 1992 (Harris 1995). Although the economic expansion during the 1990's was broad and deep, and reached Americans of all races, ethnicities, and income levels, for the nearly 10 percent of the working-age population with disabilities, strong economic growth during the 1990's did not produce higher rates of employment or rapid income gains (Houtenville 2000). In the wake of the passage of the A
Machiavelli's "The Prince": Handbook For Political Leaders 790
Introduction: Machiavelli's The Prince is often regarded as the beginning of political science as we now understand the term. Political theory is much older, at least as old as Plato, but it was "static," seeking an ideal of the state, based for example on a conception of happiness (Plato 369ff). Machiavelli introduced a way of thinking about political dynamics: how political leaders can respond to ever-changing circumstances in the real world. The Nature of The Prince: The Prince is essentially a handbook for political leaders. Most specifically it is a handbook for "princes" of the Renaissance Italian type - in modern terms, dictators or strongmen, who have little institutional or traditional basis of legitimacy, and are kept in power largely by their own personal prestige, backed up if necessary by force. Hereditary monarchs, born to long-established dynasties, have the additional support of people's loyalty to long-established dynasties (Machiavelli 5-6). Machiavelli also wrote another book, The Discourses, which is in effect a guidebook for republics, and foreshadows many ideas found in the American Constitution. The Prince, however, deals with power p
The Russian version of the Mafia 2818
The breakup of the Soviet Union left the country floundering in many ways, especially economically, and the existing Russian version of organized crime moved in and added to its repertoire as it took over businesses, intimidated merchants, and solidified its bad reputation. The Russian version of the Mafia is called the Mafiya, and its success as a crime organization has posed a threat to the new Russia and its transition to a market-oriented economy. Russian critics of the transformation of Russia point to a number of current problems they attribute to capitalism, such as rampant organized crime, official corruption, inability to pay members of the armed forces, a high unemployment rate, and high prices for certain goods. Many of these problems might have developed in any case. At the same time, in spite of these problems, it would seem that the move to a capitalist economy is not likely to change unless the masses become even more disenchanted with the system than they are now.
The White Fang in Images 266
Beginning: A famine killed every dog except the young White Fang and his mother. Image: White landscape of snow. Mother dog and puppy huddled in a snow bank. A gnawed bone next to the two dogs shows how little there is to eat. Rising Action: After taming White Fang, White Fang's first Indian owner Gray Beaver trades the dog for firewater. Image: Indian drinking bottle of whisky. A nasty loo
Women of The Medieval Period of Europe 2240
The medieval period in Europe was a time in which both the legal pillars of Roman society and the technological knowledge of the ancients had been lost; all that remained that could legitimately be termed "Roman" was the form of religion that was practiced. Christianity and, in particular, Catholicism had survived the fall of the Holy Roman Empire in the West. However, its ideals and moral codes of conduct were eventually augmented by European society to more suitably complement the feudal system. Essentially, "Christianity was in theory egalitarian in respect to sex as to race and class . . . although it stirred echoes in later sermons and texts, equality, whether between man and man, or between man and woman, was never a medieval doctrine," (Gies 9). So despite the inclusive ideal that men and women were equal in social and humanistic status, the female in medieval society was, to a large extent, perceived as being merely a commodity to be bought and sold by the male. Women were ma
Lev Vygotsky Major Works 557
Lev Semionovich Vygotsky, 1896-1934, was a Soviet psychologist who was active in a number of fields during his academic career, such as the psychological analysis of art and fables, child psychology, problems of deaf and retarded children, and the psychological analysis of brain-injured adults (Vygotsky). His work on language and linguistic development is based on his supposition that higher cognitive processes are a product of social development (Vygotsky). "Though and Language," 1937, "Selected Psychological Studies," 1956, and "Development of the Higher Mental Processes," 1960, are among his major works (Vygotsky). Drawing on early research into the rules and development of tool-use and sign-use behavior, Vygotsky turned to symbolic processes in language, emphasizing the semantic structure of words and the way in whic
Online Training and The Bandwidth Availability 550
#1. Currently, cable access is my connectivity medium to the Internet and other broadband telecommunications offerings. As of my last bill, that service runs me approximately $30 every month. Overall, I have been more than satisfied with cable access as it provides excellent file transfer rates. Uploading or downloading information has become significantly easier since I switched to cable about six months contrasted with my previous DSL service. Cable has provided me, as an individual user, with less stress when it comes to quickly and easily accessing information in almost any format. Online training has been negatively affected by limited bandwidth availability. In essence, limitations on bandwidth availability make it more difficult for large amounts of information or data to be uploaded or downloaded.
Cognitive and Emotional Health Project Committee Project 378
A National Institute of Health (NIH) Cognitive and Emotional Health Project committee has found that exercise and maintaining heart health also maintains brain health. The committee determined that avoiding hypertension, controlling blood pressure, increasing physical activity, and other factors are all preventative against cognitive decline. These factors all contributed in preventing emotional problems caused by dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. The committee reviewed 96 previous studies that focused on brain health. Multiple branches of NIH conc
The Discovery of Rapid HIV Testing 478
The article described OraQuick, a new product that can rapidly test for the existence of HIV. This new test can be administered at clinics with the assistance of medical personnel. This is an important breakthrough because a lot of Americans (around 250,000) do not know that they already have HIV infection, and a fast and reliable procedure would help in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. However, there is still a major obstacle with this new test. The incidents of false positive results indicate that the new product might not be as reliable as originally expected. OraQuick Rapid HIV-1 Antibody Test is an initial screening test that can determine the existence of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS
Rising Concern on Global Warming 592
According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earth's surface temperature has risen by about 1 degree Fahrenheit during the past century, with accelerated warming during the past twenty years (Climate). There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years can be attributed to human activities, which have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide (Climate). Although the heat-trapping property of these gases is undisputed, uncertainties exist about exactly how earth's climate responds to them (Climate). It is clear that the concentration of several greenhouse gases have rise dramatically (Green 2001). In fact, from the late 1700's to the present, carbon dioxide levels have increased by some 30 percent, and concentration of methane, whic
The Truth On Empowerment 1570
1. Empowerment has been criticized since it leaves no one in particular accountable. The goal of empowerment is to provide power to the individual. Each individual is trusted to make his or her own decisions regarding his or her life and work. In this way the individual is also provided with the opportunity to take responsibility for his or her own situation in life and work. Empowerment of course has many levels. Politically, it means that each group of individuals within a society is given the same power and rights as all others. All sectors of society are for example allowed to vote, voice their opinions and follow political channels for change without the need to fear unreasonable persecution or other repercussions. In work, empowerment means that all individuals are allowed to apply for jobs where the likelihood of being accepted for employment depends on nothing except their qualification level. In life, empowerment means that each individual has the same rights to do th
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